Consumer complaint format under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019
A consumer complaint seeks relief for defective goods, deficient services or unfair trade practices under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. Complaints up to Rs. 50 lakh go to the District Commission, Rs. 50 lakh to Rs. 2 crore to the State Commission and above Rs. 2 crore to the National Commission, within two years of the cause of action (Section 69).
Key points
- Pecuniary jurisdiction (Rules of 2021): District up to Rs. 50 lakh; State above Rs. 50 lakh up to Rs. 2 crore; National above Rs. 2 crore — based on the consideration paid.
- Limitation: two years from the cause of action, with condonation for sufficient cause (Section 69).
- Complaints can be filed online on the e-Daakhil portal.
- A complaint can be filed where the complainant resides or works (Section 34(2)(d)).
The law: old and new provisions
| Subject | Law now | Before 1 July 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Complaint to the District Commission | Section 35 Consumer Protection Act, 2019 | Section 12 Consumer Protection Act, 1986 |
Which court or authority
District, State or National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
What the document should contain
- Complainant and opposite party details
- Purchase or service details with dates and amounts
- Defect, deficiency or unfair practice
- Communication with the opposite party
- Reliefs: refund, replacement, compensation, costs
- Affidavit and list of documents
Documents to attach
- Invoice or receipt
- Warranty card, agreement or booking documents
- Complaints and replies (emails, notices)
- Photographs or expert report of the defect
Procedure
- Send a notice to the opposite party (useful, not mandatory)
- File on e-Daakhil or physically with the fee
- Admission, notice, written version, evidence by affidavit, arguments, order
Common mistakes
- Filing in the wrong Commission (value counted on consideration paid)
- Filing after two years without a delay application
Frequently asked questions
What is the time limit to file a consumer complaint?
Two years from the date the cause of action arose, extendable if the Commission is satisfied there was sufficient cause for the delay.
Do I need a lawyer to file a consumer complaint?
No. A consumer can file and argue the complaint personally, including online through e-Daakhil.